To explore nuclear risks and environmental justice, we focus on issues only in the continental U.S. These risks, as both nuclear testing and nuclear reactor accidents have shown, transcend national boundaries, can span millennia, and can have multigenerational health risks. Nuclear technologies, both from military and commercial applications, pose a complex of environmental justice issues in terms of current and future risks they pose to people and environments. Finally, we discuss the persistent risks of nuclear technologies and renewable energy alternatives. The handling and deposition of toxic nuclear wastes pose new transgenerational justice issues of unprecedented duration, in comparison to any other industry. Next we examine the problem of high-level nuclear waste and the risk implications of the lack of secure long-term storage. nuclear weapons complex and the ways that uranium mining, processing, and weapons development have affected those living downwind, including a substantial American Indian population. Then we discuss justice concerns involving the U.S. and related procedural injustices in siting, operation, and emergency preparedness. To approach the topic, first we discuss distributional justice issues of NPP sites in the U.S. nuclear weapons complex, and the mining and processing industries that have supported it. Other justice issues relate to extensive contamination in the U.S. Justice concerns include plant locations and the large potentially exposed populations, as well as issues in siting, nuclear safety, and barriers to public participation. Nuclear power plant (NPP) reactors produce low-level ionizing radiation, high level nuclear waste, and are subject to catastrophic contamination events.
weapons programs and civilian nuclear power, pose substantial environment justice issues.
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